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---

NAME

perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

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---

DESCRIPTION

These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of desperation):

    (W) A warning (optional).

    (D) A deprecation (optional).

    (S) A severe warning (default).

    (F) A fatal error (trappable).

    (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).

    (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).

    (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).

The majority of messages from the first three classifications above (W, D & S) can be controlled using the warnings pragma. If a message can be controlled by the warnings pragma, its warning category is included with the classification letter in the description below. Optional warnings are enabled by using the warnings pragma or the -w and -W switches. Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead of printing it. See the perlvar manpage. Default warnings are always enabled unless they are explicitly disabled with the warnings pragma or the -X switch. Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See eval in the perlfunc manpage. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the warnings pragma. See the warnings manpage. The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a letter.

accept() on closed socket %s

(W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget

to check the return value of your socket() call? See

accept in the perlfunc manpage.

Allocation too large: %lx

(X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.

'!' allowed only after types %s

(F) The '!' is allowed in pack() or unpack() only after certain types.

See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &

(W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl

keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling

one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the

subroutine is not imported.

To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand

before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package.

Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's

imported with the use subs pragma).

To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the CORE:: prefix

on the operator (e.g. CORE::log($x)) or declare the subroutine

to be an object method (see Subroutine Attributes in the perlsub manpage or

the attributes manpage).

Ambiguous range in transliteration operator

(F) You wrote something like tr/a-z-0// which doesn't mean anything at

all. To include a - character in a transliteration, put it either

first or last. (In the past, tr/a-z-0// was synonymous with

tr/a-y//, which was probably not what you would have expected.)

Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s

(W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way

you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying

a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration.

'|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line

redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to

redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please.

'|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line

redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and

into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other,

though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script

which 'splits' output into two streams, such as

    open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";

    while (<STDIN>) {

        print;

        print OUT;

    }

    close OUT;

Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)

(W misc) The pattern match (//), substitution (s///), and

transliteration (tr///) operators work on scalar values. If you apply

one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to

a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the population info of a

hash -- and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what

you meant to do. See grep in the perlfunc manpage and map in the perlfunc manpage for

alternatives.

Args must match #! line

(F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked

with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems

impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches;

for example, turn -w -U into -wU.

Arg too short for msgsnd

(F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).

%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element

(F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element, such as:

    $foo{$bar}

    $ref->{"susie"}[12]

%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice

(F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element,

such as:

    $foo{$bar}

    $ref->{"susie"}[12]

or a hash or array slice, such as:

    @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]

    @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}

%s argument is not a subroutine name

(F) The argument to exists() for exists &sub must be a subroutine

name, and not a subroutine call. exists &sub() will generate this

error.

Argument ``%s'' isn't numeric%s

(W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator

that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message

will identify which operator was so unfortunate.

Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer ``%s''

(W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you

forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming

data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing

the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer.

If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be

the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.

Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()

(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some

spots. This is now heavily deprecated.

assertion botched: %s

(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.

Assertion failed: file ``%s''

(P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined.

Assignment to both a list and a scalar

(F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments

must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't

know which context to supply to the right side.

A thread exited while %d threads were running

(W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main

thread) exited while there were still other threads running.

Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the

created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main

thread. See the threads manpage.

Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash

(F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in

the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.

Attempt to bless into a reference

(F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be

the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've

supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote

    bless $self, $proto;

when you intended

    bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;

If you actually want to bless into the stringified version

of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for

example by:

    bless $self, "$proto";

Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash

(F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key

which is not in its key set.

Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash

(F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been

declared readonly from a restricted hash.

Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx

(P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas

that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be

outside any of those arenas.

Attempt to free nonexistent shared string

(P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of

strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other

strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count

of a string that can no longer be found in the table.

Attempt to free temp prematurely

(W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the

free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the

SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the

free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does

try to free it.

Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers

(P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.

Attempt to free unreferenced scalar

(W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to

see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0

earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed.

This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or

that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was

mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been

corrupted.

Attempt to join self

(F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an

impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need

to move the join() to some other thread.

Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value

(W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a

function, or a computed expression) to the ``p'' pack() template. This

means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become

invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use

literals or global values as arguments to the ``p'' pack() template to

avoid this warning.

Attempt to set length of freed array

(W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed. You

can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing the last index

of an array and later assigning through that reference. For example

    $r = do {my @a; \$#a};

    $$r = 503

Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr

(W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr()

used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to

dereference it first. See substr in the perlfunc manpage.

Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %s

(F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl()

or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively,

sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *), and

sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).

Bad evalled substitution pattern

(F) You've used the /e switch to evaluate the replacement for a

substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate,

most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.

Bad filehandle: %s

(F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the

symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an

open(), or did it in another package.

Bad free() ignored

(S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never

been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by

setting environment variable PERL_BADFREE to 0.

This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with ``hard''

dynamic linking, like AIX and OS/2. It is a bug of Berkeley DB

which is left unnoticed if DB uses forgiving system malloc().

Bad hash

(P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.

Bad index while coercing array into hash

(F) The index looked up in the hash found as the 0'th element of a

pseudo-hash is not legal. Index values must be at 1 or greater.

See the perlref manpage.

Badly placed ()'s

(A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead

of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into

Perl yourself.

Bad name after %s::

(F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then

didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside

of quotes, so

    $var = 'myvar';

    $sym = mypack::$var;

is not the same as

    $var = 'myvar';

    $sym = "mypack::$var";

Bad realloc() ignored

(S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had

never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled

by setting environment variable PERL_BADFREE to 1.

Bad symbol for array

(P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that

wasn't a symbol table entry.

Bad symbol for filehandle

(P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something

that wasn't a symbol table entry.

Bad symbol for hash

(P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that

wasn't a symbol table entry.

Bareword found in conditional

(W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a

conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part

of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:

    open FOO || die;

It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as

a bareword:

    use constant TYPO => 1;

    if (TYOP) { print "foo" }

The strict pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.

Bareword ``%s'' not allowed while ``strict subs'' in use

(F) With ``strict subs'' in use, a bareword is only allowed as a

subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the ``=>''

symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?

Bareword ``%s'' refers to nonexistent package

(W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form Foo::, but the

compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps

you need to predeclare a package?

BEGIN failed--compilation aborted

(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN

subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is

exited.

BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted

(F) Perl found a BEGIN {} subroutine (or a use directive, which

implies a BEGIN {}) after one or more compilation errors had already

occurred. Since the intended environment for the BEGIN {} could not

be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely

depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up.

\1 better written as $1

(W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables.

The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a

substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form

because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if

there are more than 9 backreferences.

Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable

(W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1

(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See

the perlport manpage for more on portability concerns.

bind() on closed socket %s

(W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to

check the return value of your socket() call? See bind in the perlfunc manpage.

binmode() on closed filehandle %s

(W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened.

Check you control flow and number of arguments.

Bit vector size > 32 non-portable

(W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.

Bizarre copy of %s in %s

(P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not

copyable.

Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s

(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to

iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition

which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown.

Callback called exit

(F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()

exited by calling exit.

%s() called too early to check prototype

(W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the

parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check

that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an

early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the

subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype

checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the

function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid

the warning. See the perlsub manpage.

Cannot compress integer in pack

(F) An argument to pack(``w'',...) was too large to compress. The BER

compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you

attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308).

See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Cannot compress negative numbers in pack

(F) An argument to pack(``w'',...) was negative. The BER compressed integer

format can only be used with positive integers. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Can only compress unsigned integers in pack

(F) An argument to pack(``w'',...) was not an integer. The BER compressed

integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted

to compress something else. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Can't bless non-reference value

(F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl ``enforces''

encapsulation of objects. See the perlobj manpage.

Can't call method ``%s'' in empty package ``%s''

(F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package

functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined

in it, let alone methods. See the perlobj manpage.

Can't call method ``%s'' on an undefined value

(F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the

object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something

like this will reproduce the error:

    $BADREF = undef;

    process $BADREF 1,2,3;

    $BADREF->process(1,2,3);

Can't call method ``%s'' on unblessed reference

(F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It

ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you

didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an

object reference until it has been blessed. See the perlobj manpage.

Can't call method ``%s'' without a package or object reference

(F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the

object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a

defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name.

Something like this will reproduce the error:

    $BADREF = 42;

    process $BADREF 1,2,3;

    $BADREF->process(1,2,3);

Can't chdir to %s

(F) You called perl -x/foo/bar, but /foo/bar is not a directory

that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.

Can't check filesystem of script ``%s'' for nosuid

(P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for

nosuid.

Can't coerce array into hash

(F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no

information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that

only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.

Can't coerce %s to integer in %s

(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries

(typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't

say things like:

    *foo += 1;

You CAN say

    $foo = *foo;

    $foo += 1;

but then $foo no longer contains a glob.

Can't coerce %s to number in %s

(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries

(typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.

Can't coerce %s to string in %s

(F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries

(typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.

Can't create pipe mailbox

(P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted

quotas or other plumbing problems.

Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in ``%s''

(F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a specific

class qualifier in a ``my'' or ``our'' declaration. The semantics may be

extended for other types of variables in future.

Can't declare %s in ``%s''

(F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as ``my'' or

``our'' variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names.

Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file

(S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such as

a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.

Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s

(S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated

reason.

Can't do inplace edit without backup

(F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try

reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say

-i.bak, or some such.

Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique

(S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14

characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during

inplace editing with the -i switch. The file was ignored.

Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your

regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE shows in the

regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Can't do setegid!

(P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of

suidperl.

Can't do seteuid!

(P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.

Can't do setuid

(F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to do

setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the form

sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides under

the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines. If the

file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask your

sysadmin why he and/or she removed it.

Can't do waitpid with flags

(F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only

waitpid() without flags is emulated.

Can't emulate -%s on #! line

(F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this

point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!

line.

Can't exec ``%s'': %s

(W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the

named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the

permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in

$ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for another

architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that

can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support

#! at all.)

Can't exec %s

(F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because

that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may

need to mention ``perl'' on the #! line somewhere.

Can't execute %s

(F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script to execute

found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.

Can't find an opnumber for ``%s''

(F) A string of a form CORE::word was given to prototype(), but there

is no builtin with the name word.

Can't find %s character property ``%s''

(F) You used \p{} or \P{} but the character property by that name

could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property

(remember that the names of character properties consist only of

alphanumeric characters), or maybe you forgot the Is or In prefix?

Can't find label %s

(F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's

possible for us to go to. See goto in the perlfunc manpage.

Can't find %s on PATH

(F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be

found in the PATH.

Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH

(F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be

found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The

script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it.

Can't find %s property definition %s

(F) You may have tried to use \p which means a Unicode property (for

example \p{Lu} is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a

Unicode property, see the perlunicode manpage for the list of known properties.

If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the \p, either

by \\p (just the \p) or by \Q\p (the rest of the string, until

possible \E).

Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF

(F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means

that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count

nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis:

    print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);

If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included

unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's

editor will have a way to help you find these characters.

Can't fork

(F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a

pipeline.

Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?

(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference

between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes.

Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in

the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into

account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all

the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to

the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using

the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only

if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine,

because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning

appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up

and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking

routine knows about the Perl stat operator and file tests, so you

shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises

only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.)

Can't get pipe mailbox device name

(P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a

pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.

Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF

(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your

mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.

Can't ``goto'' into the middle of a foreach loop

(F) A ``goto'' statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach

loop. You can't get there from here. See goto in the perlfunc manpage.

Can't ``goto'' out of a pseudo block

(F) A ``goto'' statement was executed to jump out of what might look like

a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if

you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no.

See goto in the perlfunc manpage.

Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s

(F) The ``goto subroutine'' call can't be used to jump out of an eval

``string'' or block.

Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine

(F) The deeply magical ``goto subroutine'' call can only replace one

subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole

cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD

routine anyway. See goto in the perlfunc manpage.

Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default

(W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD

signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this

signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child

processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This

situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl

may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.

Can't ``last'' outside a loop block

(F) A ``last'' statement was executed to break out of the current block,

except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current

block. Note that an ``if'' or ``else'' block doesn't count as a ``loopish''

block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can

usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the

inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See

last in the perlfunc manpage.

Can't load '%s' for module %s

(F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. This

may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one that is

incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known to happen

between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your dynamic

extension was built against an older version of the library that is

installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old dynamic

extensions.

Can't localize lexical variable %s

(F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a

lexical variable using ``my''. This is not allowed. If you want to

localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the

package name.

Can't localize pseudo-hash element

(F) You said something like local $ar->{'key'}, where $ar is a

reference to a pseudo-hash. That hasn't been implemented yet, but you

can get a similar effect by localizing the corresponding array element

directly -- local $ar->[$ar->[0]{'key'}].

Can't localize through a reference

(F) You said something like local $$ref, which Perl can't currently

handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref

pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure

that $ref will still be a reference.

Can't locate %s

(F) You said to do (or require, or use) a file that couldn't be

found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC,

unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you

need to set the PERL5LIB? or PERL5OPT? environment variable to say where

the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name

to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See

require in the perlfunc manpage and the lib manpage.

Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC

(F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows

autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes

are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to AutoSplit

the file, say, by doing make install.

Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC

(F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like

for example, foo.so or bar.dll, but the the DynaLoader manpage module was

unable to locate this library. See the DynaLoader manpage.

Can't locate object method ``%s'' via package ``%s''

(F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package

functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular

method, nor does any of its base classes. See the perlobj manpage.

Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA

(W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that

doesn't seem to exist.

Can't locate PerlIO%s

(F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,

e.g. open(FH, ``>:nosuchlayer'', ``somefile'').

Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system

(F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably

VMS.

Can't modify %s in %s

(F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try

to change it, such as with an auto-increment.

Can't modify nonexistent substring

(P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed

a NULL.

Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call

(F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as

such, see Lvalue subroutines in the perlsub manpage.

Can't msgrcv to read-only var

(F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive

buffer.

Can't ``next'' outside a loop block

(F) A ``next'' statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but

there isn't a current block. Note that an ``if'' or ``else'' block doesn't

count as a ``loopish'' block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or

grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect

though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops

once. See next in the perlfunc manpage.

Can't open %s: %s

(S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the <>

filehandle, either implicitly under the -n or -p command-line

switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this

is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on

the command line.

Can't open a reference

(W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,

using the 3-arg open() syntax :

    open FH, '>', $ref;

but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of

open is not supported.

Can't open bidirectional pipe

(W pipe) You tried to say open(CMD, "|cmd|"), which is not supported.

You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such

as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using

``>'', and then read it in under a different file handle.

Can't open error file %s as stderr

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line

redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on

the command line for writing.

Can't open input file %s as stdin

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line

redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the

command line for reading.

Can't open output file %s as stdout

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line

redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on

the command line for writing.

Can't open output pipe (name: %s)

(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line

redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined

for stdout.

Can't open perl script%s

(F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason.

If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the

shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so

you don't have to type the path or `which $scriptname`.

Can't read CRTL environ

(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV

from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was

missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ

or define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see the perlvms manpage) so that environ is not

searched.

Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s

(F) Perl optimizes the internal handling of sort subroutines and keeps

pointers into them. You tried to redefine one such sort subroutine when

it was currently active, which is not allowed. If you really want to do

this, you should write sort { &func } @x instead of sort func @x.

Can't ``redo'' outside a loop block

(F) A ``redo'' statement was executed to restart the current block, but

there isn't a current block. Note that an ``if'' or ``else'' block doesn't

count as a ``loopish'' block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map()

or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect

though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that

loops once. See redo in the perlfunc manpage.

Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file

(S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup

file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with

the modified file. The file was left unmodified.

Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file

(S inplace) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some reason,

probably because you don't have write permission to the directory.

Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode

(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried

to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.

Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'

(F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed

to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If

method name is ???, this is an internal error.

Can't reswap uid and euid

(P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of

suidperl.

Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine

(F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as

temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This

is not allowed.

Can't return outside a subroutine

(F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where

there was no subroutine call to return out of. See the perlsub manpage.

Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context

(F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine,

but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl think you meant

to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around

the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in

list context.

Can't stat script ``%s''

(P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it

open already. Bizarre.

Can't swap uid and euid

(P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of

suidperl.

Can't take log of %g

(F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a

negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes

standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the

negative numbers.

Can't take sqrt of %g

(F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a

negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard

with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.

Can't undef active subroutine

(F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can,

however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the

redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure.

Can't unshift

(F) You tried to unshift an ``unreal'' array that can't be unshifted, such

as the main Perl stack.

Can't upgrade that kind of scalar

(P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds ``members'' to an SV, making it

into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so

specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message

indicates that such a conversion was attempted.

Can't upgrade to undef

(P) The undefined SV is the bottom of the totem pole, in the scheme of

upgradability. Upgrading to undef indicates an error in the code

calling sv_upgrade.

Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup

(F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol

table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous

for example by undefining stashes: undef %Some::Package::.

Can't use an undefined value as %s reference

(F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must

be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors.

Can't use bareword (``%s'') as %s ref while ``strict refs'' in use

(F) Only hard references are allowed by ``strict refs''. Symbolic

references are disallowed. See the perlref manpage.

Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available

(F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the

Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to

provide symbolic names for $! errno values.

Can't use %s for loop variable

(F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a

foreach.

Can't use global %s in ``my''

(F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This

is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location

(namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to

have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but

weren't.

Can't use ``my %s'' in sort comparison

(F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons.

You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator,

and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable.

Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the

lexical variable.

Can't use %s ref as %s ref

(F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a

reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to

test the type of the reference, if need be.

Can't use string (``%s'') as %s ref while ``strict refs'' in use

(F) Only hard references are allowed by ``strict refs''. Symbolic

references are disallowed. See the perlref manpage.

Can't use subscript on %s

(F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a

subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that

didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable.

Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression

(W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that

creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a

backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular

expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a

value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form

instead.

Can't weaken a nonreference

(F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only

references can be weakened.

Can't x= to read-only value

(F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value)

with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself.

Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that.

Character in ``C'' format wrapped in pack

(W pack) You said

    pack("C", $x)

where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the "C" format is

only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,

and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant

    pack("C", $x & 255)

If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format

instead.

Character in ``c'' format wrapped in pack

(W pack) You said

    pack("c", $x)

where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the "c" format

is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC,

and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant

    pack("c", $x & 255);

If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format

instead.

close() on unopened filehandle %s

(W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.

Code missing after '/'

(F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another

template code following the slash. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

%s: Command not found

(A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of Perl.

Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.

Compilation failed in require

(F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a require statement.

Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it

encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately.

Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded

(W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex

situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited

to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow

arbitrarily. (``Simple'' and ``medium'' situations are handled without

recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string

under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with while) rather than

in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so

that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See the perlfaq2 manpage for information

on Mastering Regular Expressions.)

cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable

(W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call

cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_broadcast()

function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a

cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread

has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to

first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed

after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the

lock.

cond_signal() called on unlocked variable

(W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call

cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal()

function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a

cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread

has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to

first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed

after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the

lock.

connect() on closed socket %s

(W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget

to check the return value of your socket() call? See

connect in the perlfunc manpage.

Constant(%s)%s: %s

(F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define

an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name

specified in the \N{...} escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the

corresponding overload or charnames pragma? See the charnames manpage and

the overload manpage.

Constant is not %s reference

(F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the use constant pragma)

is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference.

The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This

usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value.

See Constant Functions in the perlsub manpage and the constant manpage.

Constant subroutine %s redefined

(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been

eligible for inlining. See Constant Functions in the perlsub manpage for

commentary and workarounds.

Constant subroutine %s undefined

(W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible

for inlining. See Constant Functions in the perlsub manpage for commentary and

workarounds.

Copy method did not return a reference

(F) The method which overloads ``='' is buggy. See

Copy Constructor in the overload manpage.

CORE::%s is not a keyword

(F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.

corrupted regexp pointers

(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular

expression compiler gave it.

corrupted regexp program

(P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a

valid magic number.

Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx

(P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure.

Count after length/code in unpack

(F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but

you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See

pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Deep recursion on subroutine ``%s''

(W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly)

100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an

infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in

which case it indicates something else.

defined(@array) is deprecated

(D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it

checks for an undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the

array is empty, just use if (@array) { # not empty } for example.

defined(%hash) is deprecated

(D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it

checks for an undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the hash

is empty, just use if (%hash) { # not empty } for example.

%s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed

(F) You said something like ``use Module 42'' but in the Module file

there are neither package declarations nor a $VERSION.

Delimiter for here document is too long

(F) In a here document construct like <<FOO, the label FOO is too

long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code

that triggers this error.

DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'

(F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is

just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather than

to create a dangling reference.

Did not produce a valid header

See Server error.

%s did not return a true value

(F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that

it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's

traditional to end such a file with a ``1;'', though any true value would

do. See require in the perlfunc manpage.

(Did you mean &%s instead?)

(W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some

such.

(Did you mean ``local'' instead of ``our''?)

(W misc) Remember that ``our'' does not localize the declared global

variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which

seems superfluous.

(Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)

(W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or

@hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got

carried away.

Died

(F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of die "") or

you called it with no args and both $@ and $_ were empty.

Document contains no data

See Server error.

%s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed

(F) You said something like ``use Module 42'' but the Module did not

define a $VERSION.

'/' does not take a repeat count

(F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code.

See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'

(P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.

do_study: out of memory

(P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.

(Do you need to predeclare %s?)

(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message

``%s found where operator expected''. It often means a subroutine or module

name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be

because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing

``sub'', ``package'', ``require'', or ``use'' statement. If you're referencing

something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the

subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty

``sub foo;'' or ``package FOO;'' to enter a ``forward'' declaration.

dump() better written as CORE::dump()

(W misc) You used the obsolescent dump() built-in function, without fully

qualifying it as CORE::dump(). Maybe it's a typo. See dump in the perlfunc manpage.

Duplicate free() ignored

(S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had

already been freed.

Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s

(W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type

in a pack template. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

elseif should be elsif

(S syntax) There is no keyword ``elseif'' in Perl because Larry thinks it's

ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named

``elseif'' for the class returned by the following block. This is

unlikely to be what you want.

Empty %s

(F) \p and \P are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as

described in the perlunicode manpage and the perlre manpage. You used \p or \P in

a regular expression without specifying the property name.

entering effective %s failed

(F) While under the use filetest pragma, switching the real and

effective uids or gids failed.

%ENV is aliased to %s

(F) You're running under taint mode, and the %ENV variable has been

aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the

program's environment. This is potentially insecure.

Error converting file specification %s

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file

specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a

single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed

an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the

conversion routines don't handle. Drat.

%s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression

(F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular

expression that contains the (?{ ... }) zero-width assertion, which

is unsafe. See (?{ code }) in the perlre manpage, and the perlsec manpage.

%s: Eval-group not allowed at run time

(F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the

(?{ ... }) zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the

pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it

is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly

building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using

that in an eval(). See (?{ code }) in the perlre manpage.

%s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'

(F) A regular expression contained the (?{ ... }) zero-width

assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the use re 'eval'

pragma is in effect. See (?{ code }) in the perlre manpage.

Excessively long <> operator

(F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a

Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of

filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a

variable and glob that.

exec? I'm not that kind of operating system

(F) The exec function is not implemented in MacPerl? . See the perlport manpage.

Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors

(F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.

Exiting eval via %s

(W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a

goto, or a loop control statement.

Exiting format via %s

(W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a

goto, or a loop control statement.

Exiting pseudo-block via %s

(W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a

sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a

loop control statement. See sort in the perlfunc manpage.

Exiting subroutine via %s

(W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such

as a goto, or a loop control statement.

Exiting substitution via %s

(W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such

as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.

Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)

(W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has

the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is

usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package,

e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');

%s: Expression syntax

(A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of Perl.

Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.

%s failed--call queue aborted

(F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a CHECK, INIT, or

END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the queue of such

routines has been prematurely ended.

False [] range ``%s'' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal

character, not another character class like \d or [:alpha:]. The ``-''

in your false range is interpreted as a literal ``-''. Consider quoting the

``-'', ``\-''. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the

problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d

(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS

system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more

details. The filename in ``at %s'' and the line number in ``line %d'' tell

you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.

fcntl is not implemented

(F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a

PDP-11 or something?

Filehandle %s opened only for input

(W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended

it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with ``+<'' or

``+>'' or ``+>>'' instead of with ``<'' or nothing. If you intended only to

write the file, use ``>'' or ``>>''. See open in the perlfunc manpage.

Filehandle %s opened only for output

(W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If

you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it

with ``+<'' or ``+>'' or ``+>>'' instead of with ``<'' or nothing. If you

intended only to read from the file, use ``<''. See open in the perlfunc manpage.

Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0

(also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?).

Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input

(W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id

as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR

previously.

Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output

(W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id

as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously.

Final $ should be \$ or $name

(F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be

a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that

happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the

name.

flock() on closed filehandle %s

(W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed

some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on

filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the

same name?

Format not terminated

(F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got

to the end of your file without finding such a line.

Format %s redefined

(W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say

    {

        no warnings 'redefine';

        eval "format NAME =...";

    }

Found = in conditional, should be ==

(W syntax) You said

    if ($foo = 123)

when you meant

    if ($foo == 123)

(or something like that).

%s found where operator expected

(S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator.

If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an

operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an

operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon.

gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key ``%s''

(S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.

gethostent not implemented

(F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably

because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname

on the Internet.

get%sname() on closed socket %s

(W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed

socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?

getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user ``%s''

(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to sys$getuai underlying the

getpwnam operator returned an invalid UIC.

getsockopt() on closed socket %s

(W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you

forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See

getsockopt in the perlfunc manpage.

Global symbol ``%s'' requires explicit package name

(F) You've said ``use strict vars'', which indicates that all variables

must either be lexically scoped (using ``my''), declared beforehand using

``our'', or explicitly qualified to say which package the global variable

is in (using ``::'').

glob failed (%s)

(W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for

glob and <*.c>. Usually, this means that you supplied a

glob pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a

nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit

resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is

broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in

config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it

were csh (e.g. full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'); otherwise, make them all

empty (except that d_csh should be 'undef') so that Perl will

think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run

./Configure -S and rebuild Perl.

Glob not terminated

(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting

a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and

not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out

earlier in the line, and you really meant a ``less than''.

Got an error from DosAllocMem?

(P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete

version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.

goto must have label

(F) Unlike with ``next'' or ``last'', you're not allowed to goto an

unspecified destination. See goto in the perlfunc manpage.

()-group starts with a count

(F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is

supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group.

 See L<perlfunc/pack>.

%s had compilation errors

(F) The final summary message when a perl -c fails.

Had to create %s unexpectedly

(S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought

to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be

created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.

Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()

(D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some

spots. This is now heavily deprecated.

%s has too many errors

(F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors.

Further error messages would likely be uninformative.

Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable

(W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1

(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See

the perlport manpage for more on portability concerns.

Identifier too long

(F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to

about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound

names (like $A::B). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions

of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations.

Illegal binary digit %s

(F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.

Illegal binary digit %s ignored

(W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a

binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the

offending digit.

Illegal character %s (carriage return)

(F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it

would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error

when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your

version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk

to your Perl administrator.

Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s

(W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. Legal

characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \.

Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine

(F) When using the sub keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine,

you must always specify a block of code. See the perlsub manpage.

Illegal declaration of subroutine %s

(F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See the perlsub manpage.

Illegal division by zero

(F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in

your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against

meaningless input.

Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored

(W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or

A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal

number stopped before the illegal character.

Illegal modulus zero

(F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most

numbers don't take to this kindly.

Illegal number of bits in vec

(F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of

two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).

Illegal octal digit %s

(F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.

Illegal octal digit %s ignored

(W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.

Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.

Illegal switch in PERL5OPT? : %s

(X) The PERL5OPT? environment variable may only be used to set the

following switches: -[DIMUdmtw].

Ill-formed CRTL environ value ``%s''

(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's

internal environ array, and encountered an element without the =

delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored.

Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|

(W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical

name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and

didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was

ignored.

(in cleanup) %s

(W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised

the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the

system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of

times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that

would otherwise result in the same message being repeated.

Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the G_KEEPERR flag could

also result in this warning. See G_KEEPERR in the perlcall manpage.

In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647

(F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as

Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC

encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).

Insecure dependency in %s

(F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like.

The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or

setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly. The

tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly

from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any

such data is used in a ``dangerous'' operation, you get this error. See

the perlsec manpage for more information.

Insecure directory in %s

(F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or

setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable by

the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory.

See the perlsec manpage.

Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s

(F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or

setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH}, $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH},

$ENV{ENV}, $ENV{BASH_ENV} or $ENV{TERM} are derived from data

supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set

the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See the perlsec manpage.

Integer overflow in %s number

(W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified

either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for

your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number.

On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number

representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or

0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl

transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation

internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent

operations.

Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.

The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was

discovered.

Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks

(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times

you've called fork and exec, to determine whether the current call

to exec should affect the current script or a subprocess (see

exec LIST in the perlvms manpage). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so

Perl is making a guess and treating this exec as a request to

terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command.

Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The

<-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was

discovered.

%s (...) interpreted as function

(W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator

followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list

operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See

Terms and List Operators (Leftward) in the perlop manpage.

Invalid %s attribute: %s

The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized

by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See the attributes manpage.

Invalid %s attributes: %s

The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not

recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See the attributes manpage.

Invalid conversion in %s: ``%s''

(W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See

sprintf in the perlfunc manpage.

Invalid [] range ``%s'' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character

greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the

{} from your ending \x{} - \x without the curly braces can go only

up to ff. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the

problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Invalid range ``%s'' in transliteration operator

(F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum

character greater than the maximum character. See the perlop manpage.

Invalid separator character %s in attribute list

(F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the

elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a

parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.

See the attributes manpage.

Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s

(W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a

colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list.

If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that

list was terminated too soon.

Invalid type '%s' in %s

(F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type.

See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

(W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be

silently ignored.

ioctl is not implemented

(F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty

strange for a machine that supports C.

ioctl() on unopened %s

(W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened.

Check you control flow and number of arguments.

IO layers (like ``%s'') unavailable

(F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore

you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO Perl must be configured

with 'useperlio'.

IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture

(F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,

neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).

`%s' is not a code reference

(W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant

needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference

to a subroutine.

`%s' is not an overloadable type

(W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is

unaware of.

junk on end of regexp

(P) The regular expression parser is confused.

Label not found for ``last %s''

(F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop

of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See

last in the perlfunc manpage.

Label not found for ``next %s''

(F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of

that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See

last in the perlfunc manpage.

Label not found for ``redo %s''

(F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of

that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See

last in the perlfunc manpage.

leaving effective %s failed

(F) While under the use filetest pragma, switching the real and

effective uids or gids failed.

length/code after end of string in unpack

(F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack

length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in

an undefined value for the length. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

listen() on closed socket %s

(W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget

to check the return value of your socket() call? See

listen in the perlfunc manpage.

Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can

handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. The <-- HERE

shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.

lstat() on filehandle %s

(W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean

by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat()

instead on the filehandle.)

Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet

(F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash

values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See

Lvalue subroutines in the perlsub manpage.

Malformed integer in [] in pack

(F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits

are permitted. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Malformed integer in [] in unpack

(F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits

are permitted. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX

(F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form

    prefix1;prefix2

or

    prefix1 prefix2

with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If prefix1 is indeed a prefix of

a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may

appear if components are not found, or are too long. See

``PERLLIB_PREFIX'' in the perlos2 manpage.

Malformed prototype for %s: %s

(F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The

syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for

obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run

when the function is called.

Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)

(S utf8) (F) Perl detected something that didn't comply with UTF-8

encoding rules.

One possible cause is that you read in data that you thought to be in

UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy 8-bit data). Another

possibility is careless use of utf8::upgrade().

Malformed UTF-16 surrogate

Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while

doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.

%s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the

regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE

shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.

See the perlre manpage.

``%s'' may clash with future reserved word

(W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4

interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is

``use'' or ``my''.

% may not be used in pack

(F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the

checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way.

See unpack in the perlfunc manpage.

Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing

(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that

doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See the overload manpage.

Method %s not permitted

See Server error.

Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d

(S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused

by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually

ended earlier on the current line.

Misplaced _ in number

(W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not

separate two digits.

Missing argument to -%c

(F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow

immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.

Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}

(F) Wrong syntax of character name literal \N{charname} within

double-quotish context.

Missing comma after first argument to %s function

(F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an

``indirect object'' before the argument list, this ain't one of them.

Missing command in piped open

(W pipe) You used the open(FH, "| command") or

open(FH, "command |") construction, but the command was missing or

blank.

Missing control char name in \c

(F) A double-quoted string ended with ``\c'', without the required control

character name.

Missing name in ``my sub''

(F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that

they have a name with which they can be found.

Missing $ on loop variable

(F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much. Variables

are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it

can vary from one line to the next.

(Missing operator before %s?)

(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message

``%s found where operator expected''. Often the missing operator is a comma.

Missing right brace on %s

(F) Missing right brace in \p{...} or \P{...}.

Missing right curly or square bracket

(F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing

ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you

were last editing.

(Missing semicolon on previous line?)

(S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message

``%s found where operator expected''. Don't automatically put a semicolon on

the previous line just because you saw this message.

Modification of a read-only value attempted

(F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a

constant. You didn't, of course, try ``2 = 1'', because the compiler

catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:

    sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }

    mod(2);

Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string.

Yet another way is to assign to a foreach loop VAR when VAR

is aliased to a constant in the look LIST:

        $x = 1;

        foreach my $n ($x, 2) {

            $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2

        }

Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s

(F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the

subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array

backwards.

Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s

(P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it

couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.

Module name must be constant

(F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a ``use''.

Module name required with -%c option

(F) The -M or -m options say that Perl should load some module, but

you omitted the name of the module. Consult the perlrun manpage for full details

about -M and -m.

More than one argument to open

(F) The open function has been asked to open multiple files. This

can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a

list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode.

See open in the perlfunc manpage for details.

msg%s not implemented

(F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.

Multidimensional syntax %s not supported

(W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].

They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.

'/' must be followed by 'a*', 'A*' or 'Z*'

(F) You had a pack template indicating a counted-length string,

Currently the only things that can have their length counted are a*, A*

or Z*. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

'/' must follow a numeric type in unpack

(F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not

follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.

See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

``my sub'' not yet implemented

(F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try

that yet.

``my'' variable %s can't be in a package

(F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make

sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use

local() if you want to localize a package variable.

Name ``%s::%s'' used only once: possible typo

(W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names.

If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it

again somehow to suppress the message. The our declaration is

provided for this purpose.

NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c,

%c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered

the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it

will not trigger this warning.

Negative '/' count in unpack

(F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was

negative. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Negative length

(F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer

length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.

Negative offset to vec in lvalue context

(F) When vec is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be

greater than or equal to zero.

Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So

things like * or + or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows in the regular

expression about where the problem was discovered.

Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, *?, +?, and

?? appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See the perlre manpage.

%s never introduced

(S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of

scope before it could possibly have been used.

Newline in left-justified string for %s

(W printf) There is a newline in a string to be left justified by

printf or sprintf.

The padding spaces will appear after the newline, which is probably not

what you wanted. Usually you should remove the newline from the string

and put formatting characters in the sprintf format.

No %s allowed while running setuid

(F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or

setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there

will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least

securable. See the perlsec manpage.

No comma allowed after %s

(F) A list operator that has a filehandle or ``indirect object'' is not

allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments.

Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.

One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a

constant to your name space with use or import while no such

importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system

does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an

explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see

use in the perlfunc manpage and import in the perlfunc manpage. While an explicit import list

would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not

remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that

constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import

list of use or import or in the constant name at the line where

this error was triggered?

No command into which to pipe on command line

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line

redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it

doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.

No DB::DB routine defined

(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch, but

for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a Devel::

module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each

statement.

No dbm on this machine

(P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should

supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See the SDBM_File manpage.

No DB::sub routine defined

(F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch, but

for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a Devel::

module) didn't define a DB::sub routine to be called at the beginning

of each ordinary subroutine call.

No -e allowed in setuid scripts

(F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.

No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line

redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't

find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr.

No group ending character '%c' found in template

(F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its

matching counterpart. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

No input file after < on command line

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line

redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the

name of the file from which to read data for stdin.

No #! line

(F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line

even on machines that don't support the #! construct.

``no'' not allowed in expression

(F) The ``no'' keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and

returns no useful value. See the perlmod manpage.

No output file after > on command line

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line

redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it

doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.

No output file after > or >> on command line

(F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line

redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't

find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout.

No package name allowed for variable %s in ``our''

(F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in ``our''

declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing

semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.

No Perl script found in input

(F) You called perl -x, but no line was found in the file beginning

with #! and containing the word ``perl''.

No setregid available

(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for

your system.

No setreuid available

(F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for

your system.

No %s specified for -%c

(F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but

you haven't specified one.

No such class %s

(F) You provided a class qualifier in a ``my'' or ``our'' declaration, but

this class doesn't exist at this point in your program.

No such pipe open

(P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to

close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught

earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.

No such pseudo-hash field ``%s''

(F) You tried to access an array as a hash, but the field name used is

not defined. The hash at index 0 should map all valid field names to

array indices for that to work.

No such pseudo-hash field ``%s'' in variable %s of type %s

(F) You tried to access a field of a typed variable where the type does

not know about the field name. The field names are looked up in the

%FIELDS hash in the type package at compile time. The %FIELDS hash is

%usually set up with the 'fields' pragma.

No such signal: SIG%s

(W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was

not recognized. Say kill -l in your shell to see the valid signal

names on your system.

Not a CODE reference

(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a

subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can

use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See

also the perlref manpage.

Not a format reference

(F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous

format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist.

Not a GLOB reference

(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a ``typeglob'' (that is, a

symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a reference to

something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what

kind of ref it really was. See the perlref manpage.

Not a HASH reference

(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a

reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to

find out what kind of ref it really was. See the perlref manpage.

Not an ARRAY reference

(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found

a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function

to find out what kind of ref it really was. See the perlref manpage.

Not a perl script

(F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line

even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must

mention perl.

Not a SCALAR reference

(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found

a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function

to find out what kind of ref it really was. See the perlref manpage.

Not a subroutine reference

(F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a

subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can

use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See

also the perlref manpage.

Not a subroutine reference in overload table

(F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that

doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See the overload manpage.

Not enough arguments for %s

(F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.

Not enough format arguments

(W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line

supplied. See the perlform manpage.

%s: not found

(A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead

of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl

yourself.

no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC

(S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local

timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent

to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name

SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate to the number of seconds which

need to be added to UTC to get local time.

Non-string passed as bitmask

(W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select().

Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for

select. See select in the perlfunc manpage

Null filename used

(F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many

machines that means the current directory! See require in the perlfunc manpage.

NULL OP IN RUN

(P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode

pointer.

Null picture in formline

(F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture

specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you

supplied it an uninitialized value. See the perlform manpage.

Null realloc

(P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.

NULL regexp argument

(P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.

NULL regexp parameter

(P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.

Number too long

(F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to

about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future

versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In

the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. ``1e6'' instead of

``1_000_000'').

Octal number in vector unsupported

(F) Numbers with a leading 0 are not currently allowed in vectors.

The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a

future version.

Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable

(W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1

(4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See

the perlport manpage for more on portability concerns.

See also the perlport manpage for writing portable code.

Odd number of arguments for overload::constant

(W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of

arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.

Odd number of elements in anonymous hash

(W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,

which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.

Odd number of elements in hash assignment

(W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash,

which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.

Offset outside string

(F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with an offset

pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to imagine. The sole

exception to this is that sysread()ing past the buffer will extend

the buffer and zero pad the new area.

%s() on unopened %s

(W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was

never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket()

call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.

-%s on unopened filehandle %s

(W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle

that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also -X in the perlfunc manpage.

oops: oopsAV

(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.

oops: oopsHV

(S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.

Operation ``%s'': no method found, %s

(F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no

handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms

of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless

fallback overloading key is specified to be true. See the overload manpage.

Operator or semicolon missing before %s

(S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser

was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to

use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For

example, if you say ``*foo *foo'' it will be interpreted as if you said

``*foo * 'foo'''.

``our'' variable %s redeclared

(W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before

in the current lexical scope.

Out of memory!

(X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient

remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has

no option but to exit immediately.

At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your

process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use limit and

limit datasize n (where n is the number of kilobytes) to check

the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use ulimit -a

and ulimit -d n, respectively.

Out of memory during %s extend

(X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond

the largest possible memory allocation.

Out of memory during ``large'' request for %s

(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient

remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However,

the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a

possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted.

Out of memory during request for %s

(X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was

insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the

request.

The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it

depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable.

However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of $^M as an

emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error

is trappable once, and the error message will include the line and file

where the failed request happened.

Out of memory during ridiculously large request

(F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+``small amount'' bytes. This error

is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g.,

$arr[time] instead of $arr[$time].

Out of memory for yacc stack

(F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue

parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or

otherwise.

'@' outside of string in unpack

(F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside

the string being unpacked. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

%s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s

(W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a

package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself

some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a

mixed-case attribute name, instead. See the attributes manpage.

pack/unpack repeat count overflow

(F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your

signed integers. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

page overflow

(W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a

page. See the perlform manpage.

panic: %s

(P) An internal error.

panic: ck_grep

(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.

panic: ck_split

(P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.

panic: corrupt saved stack index

(P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than

there are in the savestack.

panic: del_backref

(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak

reference.

panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return

(P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),

last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from

an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is

a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.

panic: die %s

(P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered

it wasn't an eval context.

panic: do_subst

(P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational

data.

panic: do_trans_%s

(P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational

data.

panic: frexp

(P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf(``%f'') impossible.

panic: goto

(P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label,

and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in.

panic: INTERPCASEMOD

(P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.

panic: INTERPCONCAT

(P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.

panic: kid popen errno read

(F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno.

panic: last

(P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered

it wasn't a block context.

panic: leave_scope clearsv

(P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the

scope.

panic: leave_scope inconsistency

(P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an

invalid enum on the top of it.

panic: magic_killbackrefs

(P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak

references to an object.

panic: malloc

(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.

panic: mapstart

(P) The compiler is screwed up with respect to the map() function.

panic: memory wrap

(P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.

panic: null array

(P) One of the internal array routines was passed a null AV pointer.

panic: pad_alloc

(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating

and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.

panic: pad_free curpad

(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating

and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.

panic: pad_free po

(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.

panic: pad_reset curpad

(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating

and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.

panic: pad_sv po

(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.

panic: pad_swipe curpad

(P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating

and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.

panic: pad_swipe po

(P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.

panic: pp_iter

(P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.

panic: pp_match%s

(P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational

data.

panic: pp_split

(P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.

panic: realloc

(P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.

panic: restartop

(P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and

didn't supply the destination.

panic: return

(P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and

then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.

panic: scan_num

(P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.

panic: sv_insert

(P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there

was string.

panic: top_env

(P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that.

panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen

(P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed

to even) byte length.

panic: yylex

(P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier.

Parentheses missing around ``%s'' list

(W parenthesis) You said something like

    my $foo, $bar = @_;

when you meant

    my ($foo, $bar) = @_;

Remember that ``my'', ``our'', and ``local'' bind tighter than comma.

-p destination: %s

(F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the -p

command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've

redirected it with select().)

(perhaps you forgot to load ``%s''?)

(F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message

``Can't locate object method \''%s\`` via package \''%s\``''. It often means

that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.

Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped

(F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more

recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since

you upgraded, anyway? See require in the perlfunc manpage.

PERL_SH_DIR too long

(F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the

sh-shell in. See ``PERL_SH_DIR'' in the perlos2 manpage.

PERL_SIGNALS illegal: ``%s''

See PERL_SIGNALS in the perlrun manpage for legal values.

perl: warning: Setting locale failed.

(S) The whole warning message will look something like:

        perl: warning: Setting locale failed.

        perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:

                LC_ALL = "En_US",

                LANG = (unset)

            are supported and installed on your system.

        perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").

Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the

settings were that the LC_ALL was ``En_US'' and the LANG had no value.

This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating

system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called

locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not

dead serious, fortunately: there is a ``default locale'' called ``C'' that

Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix

the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time

you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in

the perllocale manpage section LOCALE PROBLEMS.

Permission denied

(F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.

pid %x not a child

(W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a

process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is

fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended.

'P' must have an explicit size in unpack

(F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not ``*''.

-P not allowed for setuid/setgid script

(F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name,

which provides a race condition that breaks security.

POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE

shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.

Note that the POSIX character classes do not have the is prefix

the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's :print:? ,

not isprint. See the perlre manpage.

POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument

(F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike

the BSD version, which takes a pid.

POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go

inside character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example:

/[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently

implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will

cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about

where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax

beginning with ``[.'' and ending with ``.]'' is reserved for future extensions.

If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular

expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the

backslash: ``\[.'' and ``.\]''. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression

about where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning

with ``[='' and ending with ``=]'' is reserved for future extensions. If you

need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression

character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: ``\[=''

and ``=\]''. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the

problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list

(W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal

strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as

literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the

parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.)

You probably wrote something like this:

    @list = qw(

        a # a comment

        b # another comment

    );

when you should have written this:

    @list = qw(

        a

        b

    );

If you really want comments, build your list the

old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas:

    @list = (

        'a',    # a comment

        'b',    # another comment

    );

Possible attempt to separate words with commas

(W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore

commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used

different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also

frequently used.)

You probably wrote something like this:

    qw! a, b, c !;

which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without

commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:

    qw! a b c !;

Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument

(F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for.

Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the

end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and

Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See ioctl in the perlfunc manpage.

Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator

(W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction

with a numeric comparison operator, like this :

    if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }

This expression is actually equivalent to $x & ($y == 0), due to the

higher precedence of ==. This is probably not what you want. (If you

really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the

parentheses explicitly and write $x & ($y == 0)).

Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string

(W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string

but there was no array @foo in scope at the time. If you wanted a

literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened

to the array you apparently lost track of.

Possible Y2K? bug: %s

(W y2k) You are concatenating the number 19 with another number, which

could be a potential Year 2000 problem.

pragma ``attrs'' is deprecated, use ``sub NAME : ATTRS'' instead

(D deprecated) You have written something like this:

    sub doit

    {

        use attrs qw(locked);

    }

You should use the new declaration syntax instead.

    sub doit : locked

    {

        ...

The use attrs pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for

backward-compatibility. See Subroutine Attributes in the perlsub manpage.

Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)

(S precedence) The old irregular construct

    open FOO || die;

is now misinterpreted as

    open(FOO || die);

because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and

list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put

parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new ``or'' operator instead

of ``||''.

Premature end of script headers

See Server error.

printf() on closed filehandle %s

(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime

before now. Check your control flow.

print() on closed filehandle %s

(W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime

before now. Check your control flow.

Process terminated by SIG%s

(W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix

applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2

port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see

Signals in the perlipc manpage. See also ``Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT''

in the perlos2 manpage.

Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s

(S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been

declared or defined with a different function prototype.

Prototype not terminated

(F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype

definition.

Pseudo-hashes are deprecated

(D deprecated) Pseudo-hashes were deprecated in Perl 5.8.0 and they

will be removed in Perl 5.10.0, see the perl58delta manpage for more details.

You can continue to use the fields pragma.

Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you

meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about

where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the

{min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where

the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where

it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the

quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match

``abc'' provided that it is followed by three repetitions of ``xyz'' is

/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/, not /abc(?=xyz){3}/.

The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was

discovered.

Range iterator outside integer range

(F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ``..''

are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally.

One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment

by prepending ``0'' to your numbers.

readline() on closed filehandle %s

(W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime

before now. Check your control flow.

read() on closed filehandle %s

(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.

read() on unopened filehandle %s

(W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.

Reallocation too large: %lx

(F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.

realloc() of freed memory ignored

(S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had

already been freed.

Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch

(F debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the code to produce

the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead,

which is why it's currently left out of your copy.

Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'

(F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were used. Probably indicates

an unintended loop in your inheritance hierarchy.

Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s

(F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking

a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance

hierarchy.

Reference found where even-sized list expected

(W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list

with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually

means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use

parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.

    %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, };    # WRONG

    %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ];    # WRONG

    %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, );    # right

    %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 );                  # also fine

Reference is already weak

(W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak.

Doing so has no effect.

Reference miscount in sv_replace()

(W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with

a reference count of other than 1.

Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) You used something like \7 in your regular expression, but there are

not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you

wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression,

prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: \07

The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was

discovered.

regexp memory corruption

(P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular

expression compiler gave it.

Regexp out of space

(P) A ``can't happen'' error, because safemalloc() should have caught it

earlier.

Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)

(F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a

numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never

terminates. You might use ^# instead. See the perlform manpage.

Reversed %s= operator

(W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must

always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators.

Runaway format

(F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it

produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the

199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust

themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by

shifting or popping (for array variables). See the perlform manpage.

Scalars leaked: %d

(P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:

not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.

What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad,

especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.

Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]

(W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a

single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar

value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo[&bar] always

behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its

argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when you assign to it,

and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things

if you're expecting only one subscript.

On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array

element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because

Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See

the perlref manpage.

Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}

(W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single

element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value

(indicated by $). The difference is that $foo{&bar} always behaves

like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its

argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like a list when you assign to it,

and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things

if you're expecting only one subscript.

On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element

as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will

not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See

the perlref manpage.

Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl

(F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid

or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense.

Search pattern not terminated

(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}

construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.

Missing the leading $ from a variable $m may cause this error.

Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the defined-or

construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written

in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the defined-or can be

misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern.

Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern

(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a ?PATTERN?

construct.

The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in

foo ? 0 : 1) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly

parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around

the conditional expression, i.e. (foo) ? 0 : 1.

%sseek() on unopened filehandle

(W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a

filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.

select not implemented

(F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.

Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported

(F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in

the current implementation.

Semicolon seems to be missing

(W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing

semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma.

semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string

(S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a

scalar that had previously been marked as free.

sem%s not implemented

(F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.

send() on closed socket %s

(W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime

before now. Check your control flow.

Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <-- HERE

shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See

the perlre manpage.

Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but

has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about

where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The

<-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was

discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing

parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE shows in

the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See

the perlre manpage.

Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance

for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in

the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See

the perlre manpage.

Server error

See Server error.

Server error

This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying

to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text

varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants

are ``500 Server error'', ``Method (something) not permitted'', ``Document

contains no data``, ''Premature end of script headers``, and ''Did not

produce a valid header``.

This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.

You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the

user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user

account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables

(like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a

location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less.

Please see the following for more information:

        http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html

        http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html

        http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/

You should also look at the perlfaq9 manpage.

setegid() not implemented

(F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't

support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure

didn't think so.

seteuid() not implemented

(F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't

support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure

didn't think so.

setpgrp can't take arguments

(F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no

arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process

group ID.

setrgid() not implemented

(F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't

support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure

didn't think so.

setruid() not implemented

(F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't

support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure

didn't think so.

setsockopt() on closed socket %s

(W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you

forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See

setsockopt in the perlfunc manpage.

Setuid/gid script is writable by world

(F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the

world, because the world might have written on it already.

Setuid script not plain file

(F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a file,

but from a socket, a pipe or another device.

shm%s not implemented

(F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.

<> should be quotes

(F) You wrote require <file> when you should have written

require 'file'.

/%s/ should probably be written as ``%s''

(W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string,

as in the first argument to join. Perl will treat the true or false

result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is

probably not what you had in mind.

shutdown() on closed socket %s

(W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit

superfluous.

SIG%s handler ``%s'' not defined

(W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist.

Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?

sort is now a reserved word

(F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore.

But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle.

Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value

(F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew

it by not using <=> or cmp, or by not using them correctly.

See sort in the perlfunc manpage.

Sort subroutine didn't return single value

(F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more

or less than one element. See sort in the perlfunc manpage.

splice() offset past end of array

(W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of

the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the end

of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, try

explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. See

splice in the perlfunc manpage.

Split loop

(P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't

iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what

happened.) See split in the perlfunc manpage.

Statement unlikely to be reached

(W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a

die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns

unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system()

instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in

a block by itself.

stat() on unopened filehandle %s

(W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that

was either never opened or has since been closed.

Stub found while resolving method ``%s'' overloading ``%s''

(P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation

stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to

can may break this.

Subroutine %s redefined

(W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say

    {

        no warnings 'redefine';

        eval "sub name { ... }";

    }

Substitution loop

(P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution

shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which

is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in

Quote and Quote-like Operators in the perlop manpage.

Substitution pattern not terminated

(F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}

construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.

Missing the leading $ from variable $s may cause this error.

Substitution replacement not terminated

(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}

construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level.

Missing the leading $ from variable $s may cause this error.

substr outside of string

(W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of

a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the

length of the string. See substr in the perlfunc manpage. This warning is fatal if

substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an

assignment or as a subroutine argument for example).

suidperl is no longer needed since %s

(F) Your Perl was compiled with -DSETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but

a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.

Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two

branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to

contain alternation, such as using this|that|other, enclose it in

clustering parentheses:

    (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)

The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was

discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a

number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression

about where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

switching effective %s is not implemented

(F) While under the use filetest pragma, we cannot switch the real

and effective uids or gids.

%s syntax

(F) The final summary message when a perl -c succeeds.

syntax error

(F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:

    A keyword is misspelled.

    A semicolon is missing.

    A comma is missing.

    An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.

    An opening or closing brace is missing.

    A closing quote is missing.

Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax

error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on -w.)

The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when

it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens

before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input.

Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon

the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call

perl -c repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see

if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of 20

questions>.

syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected

(A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead

of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl

yourself.

syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens ``%s''

(F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through

a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are ``use strict''

or ``my $var'' or ``our $var''.

sysread() on closed filehandle %s

(W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.

sysread() on unopened filehandle %s

(W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened.

System V %s is not implemented on this machine

(F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with ``sem'',

``shm'', or ``msg'' but that System V IPC is not implemented in your

machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be

unconfigured. Consult your system support.

syswrite() on closed filehandle %s

(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime

before now. Check your control flow.

-T and -B not implemented on filehandles

(F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't

know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead.

Target of goto is too deeply nested

(F) You tried to use goto to reach a label that was too deeply nested

for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.

tell() on unopened filehandle

(W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that

was either never opened or has since been closed.

That use of $[ is unsupported

(F) Assignment to $[ is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted

as a compiler directive. You may say only one of

    $[ = 0;

    $[ = 1;

    ...

    local $[ = 0;

    local $[ = 1;

    ...

This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out

from under another module inadvertently. See $[ in the perlvar manpage.

The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia

(F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,

probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they

think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they

will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I

will deny it.

The %s function is unimplemented

The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according

to the probings of Configure.

The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat

(F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic

linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went

past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename

instead.

The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables

(F) Currently this attribute is not supported on my or sub

declarations. See our in the perlfunc manpage.

This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)

This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)

(W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an

element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl

wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll

need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine

PERL_ENV_TABLES (see the perlvms manpage) so that the environ array isn't the

target of the change to

%ENV which produced the warning.

thread failed to start: %s

(W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason.

005 threads are deprecated

(D deprecated) The 5.005-style threads (activated by use Thread;) are deprecated and one should use the new ithreads instead, see the perl58delta manpage for more details.

times not implemented

(F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I

suspect you're not running on Unix.

``-T'' is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line

(X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the

-T option, but Perl was not invoked with -T in its command line.

This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a -T in a

script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment.

So Perl gives up.

If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!

mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by

editing the #! line so that the -T option is a part of Perl's first

argument: e.g. change perl -n -T to perl -T -n.

If the Perl script is being executed as perl scriptname, then the

-T option must appear on the command line: perl -T scriptname.

To%s: illegal mapping '%s'

(F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,

uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you

specified an illegal mapping.

See User-Defined Character Properties in the perlunicode manpage.

Too deeply nested ()-groups

(F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level.

Too few args to syscall

(F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the

system call to call, silly dilly.

Too late for ``-%s'' option

(X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the

-M or -m option. This is an error because -M and -m options

are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the use pragma instead.

Too late to run %s block

(W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper,

when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are

loading a file with require or do when you should be using use

instead. Or perhaps you should put the require or do inside a

BEGIN block.

Too many args to syscall

(F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().

Too many arguments for %s

(F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.

Too many )'s

(A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of Perl.

Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.

Too many ('s

(A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of Perl.

Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.

Trailing \ in regex m/%s/

(F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.

Backslash it. See the perlre manpage.

Transliteration pattern not terminated

(F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][]

or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading $ from variables

$tr or $y may cause this error.

Transliteration replacement not terminated

(F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],

y/// or y[][] construct.

'%s' trapped by operation mask

(F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's

disallowed. See the Safe manpage.

truncate not implemented

(F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that

Configure knows about.

Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)

(F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a

certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or @{EXPR}. Hashes must be

%NAME or %{EXPR}. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the

{EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See the perlref manpage.

umask not implemented

(F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to

use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).

Unable to create sub named ``%s''

(F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name.

Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs

(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how

many execution contexts were entered and left.

Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores

(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how

many values were temporarily localized.

Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs

(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how

many blocks were entered and left.

Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees

(W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how

many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.

Undefined format ``%s'' called

(F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in

another package? See the perlform manpage.

Undefined sort subroutine ``%s'' called

(F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.

Perhaps it's in a different package? See sort in the perlfunc manpage.

Undefined subroutine &%s called

(F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has

since been undefined.

Undefined subroutine called

(F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined,

or if it was, it has since been undefined.

Undefined subroutine in sort

(F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem

to have been defined yet. See sort in the perlfunc manpage.

Undefined top format ``%s'' called

(F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in

another package? See the perlform manpage.

Undefined value assigned to typeglob

(W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la

*foo = undef. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean

undef *foo.

%s: Undefined variable

(A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of Perl.

Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself.

unexec of %s into %s failed!

(F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF

representative, who probably put it there in the first place.

Unicode character %s is illegal

(W utf8) Certain Unicode characters have been designated off-limits by

the Unicode standard and should not be generated. If you really know

what you are doing you can turn off this warning by no warnings 'utf8';.

Unknown BYTEORDER

(F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte

order.

Unknown open() mode '%s'

(F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list

of valid modes: <, >, >>, +<,

+>, +>>, -|, |-, <&, >&.

Unknown PerlIO layer ``%s''

(W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O

system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and

internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as mmap,

are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't

explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the

value of the environment variable PERLIO.

Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s

(P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before

iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of

data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to

subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.

Unknown ``re'' subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)

You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the ``re'' pragma.

Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct

is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition

is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is true), a (?{...}) construct (the

condition is true if the code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the

condition is true if the set of capturing parentheses named by the number

matched).

The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was

discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'

You specified an unknown Unicode option. See the perlrun manpage documentation

of the -C switch for the list of known options.

Unknown Unicode option value %x

You specified an unknown Unicode option. See the perlrun manpage documentation

of the -C switch for the list of known options.

Unknown warnings category '%s'

(F) An error issued by the warnings pragma. You specified a warnings

category that is unknown to perl at this point.

Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a module

(e.g. use warnings 'File::Find'), you must have imported this module

first.

unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to

include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it

first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem

was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular

expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the

matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about

where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Unmatched right %s bracket

(F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening

ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a

general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place

you were last editing.

Unquoted string ``%s'' may clash with future reserved word

(W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a

reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it

somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a

subroutine.

Unrecognized character %s

(F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character

in your Perl script (or eval). Perhaps you tried to run a compressed

script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program.

/%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through

(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not

recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was

understood literally.

Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through

(W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not

recognized by Perl.

Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not

recognized by Perl. This combination appears in an interpolated variable or

a '-delimited regular expression. The character was understood

literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the

escape was discovered.

Unrecognized signal name ``%s''

(F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not

recognized. Say kill -l in your shell to see the valid signal names

on your system.

Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)

(F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you

think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the

bad switch on your behalf.)

Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline

(W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that

operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline,

PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See chomp in the perlfunc manpage.

Unsupported directory function ``%s'' called

(F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().

Unsupported function %s

(F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently.

At least, Configure doesn't think so.

Unsupported function fork

(F) Your version of executable does not support forking.

Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors

of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try

changing the name you call Perl by to perl_, perl__, and so on.

Unsupported script encoding %s

(F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which

declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read.

Unsupported socket function ``%s'' called

(F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at

least that's what Configure thought.

Unterminated attribute list

(F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the

start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a

block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous

attribute too soon. See the attributes manpage.

Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list

(F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing

an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis

character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash

character to get your parentheses to balance. See the attributes manpage.

Unterminated compressed integer

(F) An argument to unpack(``w'',...) was incompatible with the BER

compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.

See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

Unterminated <> operator

(F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting

a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and

not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out

earlier in the line, and you really meant a ``less than''.

untie attempted while %d inner references still exist

(W untie) A copy of the object returned from tie (or tied) was

still valid when untie was called.

Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)

(F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments.

See FUNCTIONS in the POSIX manpage for more information.

Usage: Win32::%s(%s)

(F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments.

See the Win32 manpage for more information.

Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no

meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:

    if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }

must be written as

    if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }

The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about

where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no

meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:

    if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }

must be written as

    if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }

The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about

where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

Useless use of %s in void context

(W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does

nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a

value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very

often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl

to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd

get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and

said

    $one, $two = 1, 2;

when you meant to say

    ($one, $two) = (1, 2);

Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list

reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for

example, if you say

    $array = (1,2);

when you should have said

    $array = [1,2];

The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value,

while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in

a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which

throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See

the perlref manpage for more on this.

This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1

since they are often used in statements like

    1 while sub_with_side_effects();

String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned

about.

Useless use of ``re'' pragma

(W) You did use re; without any arguments. That isn't very useful.

Useless use of sort in scalar context

(W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :

    my $x = sort @y;

This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.

Useless use of %s with no values

(W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments

apart from the array, like push(@x) or unshift(@foo). That won't

usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's

possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect

if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so,

you can write it as push(@tied_array,()) to avoid this warning.

``use'' not allowed in expression

(F) The ``use'' keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and

returns no useful value. See the perlmod manpage.

Use of bare << to mean <<``'' is deprecated

(D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form

if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document.

Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated

(D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to

$ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this

behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they

will simply fail.

Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not

blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.

Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///

(W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c

modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.

Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g

(W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't

use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is

used. (This may change in the future.)

Use of freed value in iteration

(F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop?

This error is typically caused by code like the following:

    @a = (3,4);

    @a = () for (1,2,@a);

You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over.

For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full

reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the

middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value.

Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated

(D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form

to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.

Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split

(W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a split

operator. Since split always tries to match the pattern

repeatedly, the /g has no effect.

Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated

(D deprecated) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber

a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results

of a split() explicitly to an array (or list).

Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated

(D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, AUTOLOAD subroutines

are looked up as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy) even when the

subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g.

Foo::bar()), not as methods (e.g. Foo->bar() or <

$obj->bar() >>).

This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for

methods' AUTOLOADs. However, there is a significant base of existing

code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl

currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited

AUTOLOADs.

The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading

non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used

to depend on inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods from a base class

named BaseClass, execute *AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD during

startup.

In code that currently says use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);

you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change use AutoLoader; to

use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';.

Use of %s in printf format not supported

(F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from

only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl.

Use of $* is deprecated

(D deprecated) This variable magically turned on multi-line pattern

matching, both for you and for any luckless subroutine that you happen

to call. You should use the new //m and //s modifiers now to do

that without the dangerous action-at-a-distance effects of $*.

Use of $# is deprecated

(D deprecated) This was an ill-advised attempt to emulate a poorly

defined awk feature. Use an explicit printf() or sprintf() instead.

Use of %s is deprecated

(D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use,

generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the

old way has bad side effects.

Use of -l on filehandle %s

(W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file

it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for.

The operation returned undef. Use a filename instead.

Use of ``package'' with no arguments is deprecated

(D deprecated) You used the package keyword without specifying a package

name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many

otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. use strict;

instead.

Use of reference ``%s'' as array index

(W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably

isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend

to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error.

If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so:

$array[0+$ref]. This warning is not given for overloaded objects,

either, because you can overload the numification and stringification

operators and then you assumedly know what you are doing.

Use of reserved word ``%s'' is deprecated

(D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future

versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either

explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of

use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be

suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a & prefix, or using

a package qualifier, e.g. &our(), or Foo::our().

Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated

(W taint, deprecated) You have supplied system() or exec() with multiple

arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed

but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your

arguments. See the perlsec manpage.

Use of uninitialized value%s

(W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already

defined. It was interpreted as a ``'' or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake.

To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables.

To help you figure out what was undefined, perl tells you what operation

you used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your

program and the operation displayed in the warning may not necessarily

appear literally in your program. For example, "that $foo" is

usually optimized into "that " . $foo, and the warning will refer to

the concatenation (.) operator, even though there is no . in your

program.

Using a hash as a reference is deprecated

(D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in

%foo->{"bar"} or %$ref->{"hello"}. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1

used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will

be removed in a future version.

Using an array as a reference is deprecated

(D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in

@foo->[23] or @$ref->[99]. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to

allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will be

removed in a future version.

UTF-16 surrogate %s

(W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by

requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and

0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use of

UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but Perl

encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very illegal

character. If you really know what you are doing you can turn off

this warning by no warnings 'utf8';.

Value of %s can be ``0''; test with defined()

(W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob),

each(), or readdir() as a boolean value. Each of these constructs

can return a value of ``0''; that would make the conditional expression

false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these

constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the

defined operator.

Value of CLI symbol ``%s'' too long

(W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an

%ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string

longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to

1024 characters.

Variable ``%s'' is not imported%s

(F) While ``use strict'' in effect, you referred to a global variable that

you apparently thought was imported from another module, because

something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by

that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the

front of your variable.

Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/

(F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and

known at compile time. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about

where the problem was discovered. See the perlre manpage.

``%s'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s

(W misc) A ``my'' or ``our'' variable has been redeclared in the current

scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous

instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the

earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until

all closure referents to it are destroyed.

Variable ``%s'' may be unavailable

(W closure) An inner (nested) anonymous subroutine is inside a

named subroutine, and outside that is another subroutine; and the

anonymous (innermost) subroutine is referencing a lexical variable

defined in the outermost subroutine. For example:

   sub outermost { my $a; sub middle { sub { $a } } }

If the anonymous subroutine is called or referenced (directly or

indirectly) from the outermost subroutine, it will share the variable as

you would expect. But if the anonymous subroutine is called or

referenced when the outermost subroutine is not active, it will see the

value of the shared variable as it was before and during the first

call to the outermost subroutine, which is probably not what you want.

In these circumstances, it is usually best to make the middle subroutine

anonymous, using the sub {} syntax. Perl has specific support for

shared variables in nested anonymous subroutines; a named subroutine in

between interferes with this feature.

Variable syntax

(A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead

of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into

Perl yourself.

Variable ``%s'' will not stay shared

(W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a

lexical variable defined in an outer subroutine.

When the inner subroutine is called, it will probably see the value of

the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the first

call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the

outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no

longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the

variable will no longer be shared.

Furthermore, if the outer subroutine is anonymous and references a

lexical variable outside itself, then the outer and inner subroutines

will never share the given variable.

This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine

anonymous, using the sub {} syntax. When inner anonymous subs that

reference variables in outer subroutines are called or referenced, they

are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.

Version number must be a constant number

(P) The attempt to translate a use Module n.n LIST statement into

its equivalent BEGIN block found an internal inconsistency with

the version number.

Warning: something's wrong

(W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of warn "") or

you called it with no args and $_ was empty.

Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly

(S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on

the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk

space.

Warning: Use of ``%s'' without parentheses is ambiguous

(S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that

looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a

term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand

function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write

    rand + 5;

you may THINK you wrote the same thing as

    rand() + 5;

but in actual fact, you got

    rand(+5);

So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.

Wide character in %s

(W utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting

one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest

way to quiet this warning is simply to add the :utf8 layer to the

output, e.g. binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'. Another way to turn off the

warning is to add no warnings 'utf8'; but that is often closer to

cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the

filehandle with an encoding, see the open manpage and binmode in the perlfunc manpage.

Within []-length '%c' not allowed

(F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by [TEMPLATE] only if

TEMPLATE always matches the same amount of packed bytes that can be

determined from the template alone. This is not possible if it contains an

of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign the template.

write() on closed filehandle %s

(W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime

before now. Check your control flow.

%s ``\x%s'' does not map to Unicode

When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything

into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not legal in

this encoding, for example

    utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode

if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.

'X' outside of string

(F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before

the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

'x' outside of string in unpack

(F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after

the end of the string being unpacked. See pack in the perlfunc manpage.

YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!

(F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the

sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip

about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around

your script.

You need to quote ``%s''

(W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.

Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,

which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the

assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS

what you want, put an & in front.)

Your random numbers are not that random

(F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could

not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates

Something Very Wrong.

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